The National Football League is a closed shop, which has been dubbed "socialist capitalism".
Unions say that without a closed shop, which requires employees to join or pay dues anyway, the quality of jobs and income will swiftly deteriorate in Michigan.
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He was never shy about showing off his knowledge of movie history, but he never made it seem like a closed shop, open only to a favored few.
He was never shy about showing off his knowledge of movie history, but he also never made it seem like a closed shop, open only to a favored few.
He believes the next 24 months will be crucial in determining if the cloud becomes an open area in which most of the value goes to customers or a closed shop where the vendors reap most of the benefit.
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Ohio is a "closed shop" state, which means workers can be forced to join a union whether they wish to or not.
Mr Farage said there was a "closed shop" mentality among the three main parties and much of the media about UKIP's rise.
Chief Executive Marissa Mayer once invested in a now-closed cake shop.
Meantime, a clutch of poker websites closed shop or left the country.
Left-of-centre Greeks voted for Syriza both to punish Pasok for impoverishing the country and because Syriza opposes reforms that would open up closed-shop professions in a bid to make Greece more competitive.
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She said the cafe and shop a few doors away were closed on Friday because of financial difficulties facing CAT plc, which in turn were fuelled by the economic downturn.
BBC: Centre for Alternative Technology cafe, food store shut
Daniel Wu, who owns a store several miles from Kim's shop in Brooklyn, saw his business spike when a nearby Blockbuster closed.
Merseyside-based staff contacted BBC Radio Merseyside saying their shop had closed as part of a wider shutdown.
As a practical matter, Friedman doubted that employers in a competitive labor market would ever find it profitable to offer the closed shop option.
People in a Shropshire village have launched a bid to run their own community shop after the only local store closed down.
Inside, a Hispanic bookstore, clothing shop, and computer store--all were closed.
"If the next minimum wage goes into effect the bottom line will be, my door will be closed, " said Harriet Cane, who owns a small restaurant and coffee shop in Marietta, Ga.
When his shop closed in 2001, after 65 years of business, it held a stock of 2m pieces of type.
But when employees found a seller listing "molds of their naked body, " company employees debated if the shop should be closed, says Mr. Christofferson.
When a major bridge that connects Kentucky and Indiana was recently closed for safety reasons, one small business owner whose shop is nearby watched his sales fall 40 percent in just two weeks.
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