The four bases - adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), and cytosine (C) - spell out the genes.

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These symbols represent the four basic chemical letters, or bases, the body uses to form DNA--guanine, cytosine, adenine and thymine.

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They then translated the code into the DNA: Zeros were encoded in guanine and thymine, ones in adenine and cytosine.

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This seems to be because sirtuins control the abundance of a regulatory molecule called nicotinamide adenine diphosphate which, in turn, controls the release of energy in the mitochondria.

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The "G" refers to guanine, one of the four chemical groups, or "bases", that hold DNA together and which encode our genetic information (the others being adenine, cytosine, and thymine).

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Embedded in each set of 23 chromosomes are 3 billion base pairs of DNA, known by the letters A, T, C and G, for the chemical bases adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine.

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Most important, they can't read the 3 billion letters--A, C, T and G, for the nucleotides adenine, cytosine, thymine and guanine--in the human genome from beginning to end, the way one reads a book.

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The terms sense and antisense were coined by Paul Zamecnik to show the complementary, double-strand nature of DNA. One strand consisted of alternating patterns of the four nucleotides that make up DNA adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine and it could be read in order.

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The terms sense and antisense were coined by Paul Zamecnik to show the complementary, double-strand nature of DNA. One strand consisted of alternating patterns of the four nucleotides that make up DNA adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine and it could be read in order.

FORBES: Antisense and Sensibility