An alkaline cell with sufficient power density may soon, however, be on the way.
The innermost layer of each pellet contains the drug mixed with an alkaline stabilizer.
The microbes used in the granules are able to tolerate the highly alkaline environment of the concrete.
The highly alkaline substance is a by-product of aluminium production and has a caustic effect on the skin.
Five entrepreneurs founded the Electro-Alkaline Company in 1913 by creating a bleach product with chlorine and sodium hydroxide as its main ingredients.
That means you're either purchasing (and tossing) alkaline after alkaline or you're constantly swapping in a fresh pair of rechargeables to keep the juice flowing.
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Also, Hershey's research has shown that baking a chocolate cake with baking soda, which is an alkaline, destroyed flavanols but nutrients were retained when using baking powder.
The project intends to use a proprietary process employing an in-duct scrubber to reclaim the alkaline clay produced as the primary by-product of the aluminum manufacturing process.
There were no clinically meaningful elevations of total bilirubin, international normalized ratio (INR) or alkaline phosphatase, which are other markers of potential harmful effects on the liver.
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Professor Paul Younger from the Newcastle Institute for Research on Sustainability at Newcastle University says the "fundamental problem is that it has a tendency to be strongly alkaline".
The scrubbed alkaline clay would then be combined with treated flue gas, which is a carbon-rich gas that is normally released into the atmosphere during the manufacturing process.
Most are alkaline batteries, discarded after a single duty cycle.
For added convenience, the SL30 is powered by easily available, AA alkaline batteries, assuring end-users that they can find a replaceable power source no matter where they may be.
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The scientists said the locale was almost certainly a primordial lake bed, rich in clay minerals, where the water many eons ago wasn't too salty or alkaline for life to thrive.
The science team likened its chemistry to some relatively rare but well-studied alkaline rocks on Earth found on oceanic islands such as Hawaii and the Azores, and also in rift zones like the Rio Grande.
But of the five basic ways to design fuel cells, only two work at room (let alone North Atlantic) temperatures and only one, the alkaline fuel cell, is robust enough to do the job.
Instead the team found an alkaline pH in the cells, suggesting that the brain had compensated over time by adapting its functions to redress the chemical changes brought about by the lack of oxygen.
Seminal fluid, on the other hand, is alkaline.
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And that has Prof Stolper and the rest of the rover science team leaning (with a lot of caveats) towards a classification that sits on a well-established sequence of alkaline igneous rocks - one that goes by the name "mugearite".
That kind of performance is unheard of in today's plug-free chargers, which tend to be powered by conventional alkaline or lithium ion batteries and often can only last for one or two charges before needing replacement or recharging on their own.
Meanwhile, officials are treating affected areas with chemicals - such as calcium and magnesium nitrates - to try to counter the alkaline effects, amid hopes that what is being described as Hungary's worst chemical accident will soon come to an end.
Having spent some time in Oaxaca many years ago, I knew that it also turns out an astonishing variety of the small treats Mexicans call antojitos many of which consist of something in or on masa, the dough made from alkaline-treated corn kernels.
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The batteries themselves make use of the same zinc air technology used in hearing aid batteries, and apparently have the highest energy density of any portable consumer power solution, which translates to about three times the runtime of a similarly sized alkaline or lithium ion battery.
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