High-intensity X-ray studies described in Analytical Chemistry found compounds called oxalates were responsible.

BBC: Van Gogh's Flowers In A Blue Vase damage seen in X-rays

It was here that he established the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (CCCS) in 1964, an interdisciplinary postgraduate research centre that sought to synthesize literary studies with sociological ideas and analytical methods.

UNESCO: The Uses of Richard Hoggart