Russia has also imposed anti-dumping duties on Ukrainian pipes, one of the country's main exports.
Chinese solar panel manufacturers have urged Beijing to respond to a threat of European anti-dumping restrictions.
Tariffs and anti-dumping actions can also prevent developing-country companies from getting into the rich world.
Anti-dumping duties are a more fashionable (and more insidious) form of protectionism these days.
This would give anti-dumping duties to the companies that the duties are designed to protect.
Last month China also won its first-ever case in America against an anti-dumping decision.
ECONOMIST: Trade-remedy laws are damaging the world trade system
The Europeans are cross at American misuse of trade-protection instruments, such as anti-dumping and countervailing duties.
ECONOMIST: A ruling against America aggravates trade tensions
Moreover, governments began to abuse these loopholes for protectionist ends: anti-dumping cases and import-restricting regulations proliferated.
Exporters in all industries must also contend with anti-dumping actions, the protectionist's weapon du jour.
The industry has also launched a further 20 anti-dumping and ten anti-subsidy cases against 18 countries.
EU's anti-dumping cases against Polish and Hungarian steel may be only the first of many.
Developing countries will also benefit from negotiations to clarify and improve the rules on anti-dumping.
In effect, anti-dumping measures encourage domestic and foreign producers to collude to raise prices.
Second, imports also fell sharply last year, thanks in part to a welter of anti-dumping duties.
ECONOMIST: Things are looking up, but tariffs are not the main reason
Both countries have imposed anti-dumping tariffs on some of each other's products in recent months.
Last year, the administration acted swiftly to speed up the steel industry's anti-dumping cases.
Anti-dumping is a particularly pernicious form of protection, because it lurks beneath a veneer of respectability.
And while market conditions change quickly, anti-dumping duties are reviewed only after five years.
For tariffs (or even quotas, anti-dumping actions and so on) are not the only limitations to trade.
FORBES: Tariffs and Trade: The Tariff Level Isn't the Most Important Thing
WTO, will become a big user of anti-dumping actions, as well as being on the receiving end.
ECONOMIST: Trade-remedy laws are damaging the world trade system
The new wave of anti-dumping cases is particularly alarming because protectionists are pushing at an open door.
China is the biggest target of American anti-dumping duties, which cover 58 Chinese products from paintbrushes to televisions.
ECONOMIST: America's trade relations with China are smooth, for now
It is so keen on anti-dumping that it is loth to complain when other countries retaliate in kind.
Meanwhile, they face possible anti-dumping and anti-subsidy tariffs in the U.S. and Europe.
FORBES: Chinese Solar Fortunes Shrivel, Leaving Just One Billionaire
The department delayed the decision on imposing anti-dumping duties on Chinese solar panels from March 27 to May 17.
FORBES: Chinese Solar Firms Get a Breather as Import Tariff Ruling is Delayed
It has initiated 170 anti-dumping investigations since 1999, one short of America's total.
ECONOMIST: Trade-remedy laws are damaging the world trade system
But perhaps the most worrying new trend is that developing countries are retaliating with anti-dumping actions of their own.
Governments often impose anti-dumping duties on foreign products to right this terrible wrong.
Already the American government is encouraging anti-dumping suits, promising to vet them faster.
However, on April 19th Argentina announced anti-dumping duties on some Brazilian steel products.
应用推荐