Russia has also imposed anti-dumping duties on Ukrainian pipes, one of the country's main exports.
Anti-dumping duties are a more fashionable (and more insidious) form of protectionism these days.
This would give anti-dumping duties to the companies that the duties are designed to protect.
Second, imports also fell sharply last year, thanks in part to a welter of anti-dumping duties.
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And while market conditions change quickly, anti-dumping duties are reviewed only after five years.
Governments often impose anti-dumping duties on foreign products to right this terrible wrong.
However, on April 19th Argentina announced anti-dumping duties on some Brazilian steel products.
Although rich countries, notably America and the European Union, have traditionally been the ardent users of anti-dumping duties, India now rivals them.
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It has begun, for the first time, to calculate the real cost to poor countries of tariffs, anti-dumping duties and non-tariff barriers in rich markets.
Many emerging economies have yet to weigh in, but they may embrace international competition standards as a way to restrict rich countries' use of anti-dumping duties.
Patrick Messerlin, an economist at the Institut d'Etudes Politiques in Paris, estimates that, because of this pro-cartel effect, anti-dumping duties are generally twice as costly to the economy as equivalent import tariffs.
The government recently imposed fresh anti-dumping duties on Chinese imports of sodium bicarbonate, for example, at the request of Penrice Soda Holdings, Australia's sole producer of soda-ash crystals, which appear in everything from animal feed to antacids.
The Europeans are cross at American misuse of trade-protection instruments, such as anti-dumping and countervailing duties.
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Brazil fumes (and rightly so) over anti-dumping and other punitive duties on its most competitive exports, including shoes and orange juice as well as steel.
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