It was found to elevate arousal 63% of the time, compared with 13% for a placebo.
Less extreme cases of arousal addiction may go unnoticed or be diagnosed as an attention or mood disorder.
Testosterone goes down for some women after the delivery, and breast-feeding releases the hormone prolactin, which inhibits arousal.
Topping the list of what autistic people would like to see get more attention are sensory issues and sensory arousal.
PT-141 (short for Palatin Technologies) works very differently: It interacts with melanocortin receptors in the brain, nerves involved in sexual arousal.
Other companies focus more specifically on the brain connection to arousal disorder.
So do high arousal positive emotions: awe, excitement, and amusement or humor.
PT-141 (short for Palatin Technologies) works very differently: It interacts with melanocortin receptors in the brain, nerves involved in everything from regulating appetite to sexual arousal.
This "hyper-arousal" worked for McEnroe in his early career but against him towards the end, when he was unable to control it, says Mr Mahoney.
Neubauer calls her situation "conditioned arousal, " which, he says, is common.
The Yerkes Dodson curve (shown above), developed by two psychologists in the early 20th century, demonstrates the relationship between stress, or chronic arousal, and performance.
Some players like Roger Federer display little emotion on the outside, because all individuals have different levels of optimum arousal, and players like him know how to get there.
"We started to look into the brain to see what was happening and found that during those periods of arousal, the 'habit' regions in the brain were activated, " Sinha says.
"Music can alter emotional and physiological arousal much like a pharmacological stimulant or sedative, " says Dr. Karageorghis, who has worked as a consultant psychologist to music and sports-equipment companies and for Olympic athletes.
The compound may help desire and arousal disorders in postmenopausal women, perhaps by stimulating estrogen receptors at sites in the body, including the brain, says Michael Diamond, an obstetrician and gynecologist at Wayne State University.
The notion that moderate anxiety can be beneficial goes back at least to 1908, when Harvard psychologists Robert Yerkes and John Dodson posited that arousal (as they called it) enhances performance but only to a point.
Palatin Technologies, in partnership with King Pharmaceuticals, is in middle-stage trials (Phase II of a total of three) to research another nasal-sprayed chemical, PT-141, which stimulates the hypothalamus' melanocortin receptors, which are responsible for hunger and may have a more potent arousal effect.
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