It is that as a mathematician he discovered - alone and unaided - the binomial theory usually attributed to a famous English scholar called Isaac Newton.

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Hardy once commented (paraphrased) : Out of 100 points, I would give myself 30 as a mathematician, 45 to Littlewood, 70 to Hilbert, and 100 to Ramanujan.

FORBES: Who Was The Most Badass Mathematician?

Comedian Dave Gorman was on track for a career as a mathematician: an A grade at "A level", an "S" level and a place on a maths degree course at Manchester University.

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As a non-mathematician, he appreciates the difficulty of explaining a recondite mathematical problem to a general audience, and gives a vivid account both of the passion that mathematicians have for their subject and of the fascination for this particular problem.

ECONOMIST: Mathematics

One of the rules of mathematics and physics, as I - a complete non-mathematician - read often in science books, is that when infinity is introduced into a scientific equation it no longer makes sense.

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The geometry he has been studying is that of a structure known to mathematicians as E8, which was first recognised in 1887 by Sophus Lie, a Norwegian mathematician.

ECONOMIST: A shape could describe the cosmos and all it contains

If that step proves too technically difficult for the person who made the discovery, a mathematician or statistician can be added as a collaborator.

WSJ: Great Scientists Don't Need Math

Maria Reiche, a German mathematician, spent more than half a century investigating and protecting 16 mysterious ancient drawings known as the Nazca Lines over a 60 kilometre (45 mile) area in the Peruvian desert.

BBC: News | Americas | Lady of the lines

Mr Woit, a mathematician at Columbia University, started his book as a blog.

ECONOMIST: Theoretical physics