The Romans improved the process, inventing the fiber wick, and during the Middle Ages, beeswax candles were introduced.
It's based on orange blossom, with notes of beeswax and frankincense (for the candles and incense in the procession).
Over 400 children and 100 adults have taken part in educational sessions, which have included lessons in honey tasting and beeswax candle-making.
Inside, the simple bergerie (shepherd's house) is whitewashed and scented by bunches of dried lavender and the beeswax used on the furniture.
The German-born Mr. Laib has been creating beeswax chambers small spaces lined with beeswax, gently lighted by a single hanging bulb for more than 25 years.
WSJ: A Collaboration of Bees and Man: The Phillips Collection at the Laib Wax Room
The aroma of the beeswax is "totally seductive, " Ms. Kosinski says, employing the kind of sensual language most often used to describe Mr. Laib's chambers.
WSJ: A Collaboration of Bees and Man: The Phillips Collection at the Laib Wax Room
He uses hundreds of pounds of pure melted beeswax much like plaster, smoothly coating walls and ceilings until they almost resemble yellow marble except with a warm glow.
WSJ: A Collaboration of Bees and Man: The Phillips Collection at the Laib Wax Room
Second, some of the tips (making beeswax furniture polish) would have seemed arcane even 50 years ago and give a whiff of borrowing from other, older authorities.
She and her colleagues measured honey production, bee deaths, weight gain of colonies while foraging on canola, and insecticide residue on bees and in pollen, nectar, beeswax and honey.
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Mr. Laib's installations involving other natural substances, such as pollen and rice, as well as beeswax have been displayed at prominent museums and galleries around the world, including New York's Museum of Modern Art.
WSJ: A Collaboration of Bees and Man: The Phillips Collection at the Laib Wax Room
And now the beeswax chamber is really bold.
WSJ: A Collaboration of Bees and Man: The Phillips Collection at the Laib Wax Room
The analysis showed that the tooth was filled with beeswax, likely to alleviate the pain of chewing on a cracked tooth, providing what could be the earliest known direct evidence of a therapeutic dental filling.
Under each wooden slat, a resonator made out of calabashes is fastened, tightly sealed with beeswax, and tempered with the oil of the nkuso fruit, giving the timbila their rich nasal sound and characteristic vibrations.
And the pervasive feeling in-house is that the new arrival a beeswax chamber designed by conceptual artist Wolfgang Laib, opening Saturday couldn't be more true to the vision of Duncan Phillips (1886-1966) when he opened his private collection to the public in 1921.
WSJ: A Collaboration of Bees and Man: The Phillips Collection at the Laib Wax Room
The local priest, surfacing from a week-long binge, lit beeswax tapers to Innocent of Irkutsk, the saint who in the 1720s had repaired the road to China and was now about to bring civilization to Prigorodnaia in the form of a ribbon of macadam with a freshly painted white stripe down the middle.
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