We must promote greater health literacy and behavioural changes that will reduce non-communicable diseases and tobacco and alcohol abuse.

UN: Secretary-General

It continues to promote access to comprehensive and reliable youth-friendly information in quest of behavioural changes with the special emphasis on disadvantaged young people.

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Some reports have suggested that certain food additives can cause behavioural changes in some children, although many experts agree it is difficult to come to firm conclusions from the research carried out so far.

BBC: NEWS | Health | Additives lurk in everyday diets

Simple behavioural changes can also yield big savings.

BBC: Gas prices rising: Can you cut your bill by 15%?

Since the mid 80's governments, international organizations and non-governmental organizations have joined efforts in the fight against AIDS. However, it became evident that despite massive action to inform the public about the risks, behavioural changes were not occurring as expected.

UNESCO: Communication and Information

The upshot of all this activity is a marked reduction in the rate of new infections, though sceptics point out that the fall began before ARV use and circumcision became widespread, and that the role of behavioural changes (including a greater willingness to use condoms) should thus not be underestimated.

ECONOMIST: The 19th International AIDS Conference: Looking into the future | The

Paul Johnson of the Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) points out that such calculations should take account of the behavioural changes the tax causes: an IFS study claimed the new rate could diminish revenues, because it provides a disincentive to those close to the threshold to carry on earning and makes mobile high earners less likely to come to Britain.

ECONOMIST: A fresh political row over the taxation of high earners

However, the necessary changes to address conduct and behavioural failings will have a significant cost.

BBC: Skyline of Canary Wharf in London