Oligomers, which are considered more toxic to brain tissue than amyloid-beta proteins, were applied to the hippocampus, the brain's memory center, in young mice.

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Other researchers had identified several related protein fragments, called beta-amyloid, inside the amyloid plaques, but they didn't know which proteins were the bad ones.

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"There is a 50-60 percent decrease in the amount of amyloid plaques and indeed the amount of a-beta proteins in the brains of mice who have gotten chronic nasal treatment, " their report said.

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Other researchers had identified several related protein fragments, called beta-amyloids, inside the amyloid plaques, but they didn't know which proteins were the bad ones.

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Most researchers still believe beta-amyloid is the culprit, but the idea that free-floating protein molecules, rather than the proteins in the plaques, are to blame is gaining ground.

ECONOMIST: Alzheimer's disease