The traditional collection includes Buddhist art, metal works, calligraphy and watercolor scrolls, and spans prehistory to Korea's last royal dynasty, which fell in 1910.

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The Mogau Grottoes are a Unesco World Heritage Site and represent the greatest collection of Buddhist art from the 4th to the 14th Century AD.

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"The site testifies to the region's rich Gandhara school of Buddhist art that, during the 1st to 13th centuries, integrated different cultural influences from East and West, " according to UNESCO.

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Mr. Carpenter, who was appointed curator of Japanese art in July 2011, devotes about a fifth of the permanent exhibition space to ancient artifacts and Buddhist art and uses the remaining galleries to stage six-month-long installations, each illustrating an aspect of Japanese art.

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The Location: Tai O is a rambling village of creaky houses, many with colonial and art-deco charm, interspersed with Taoist and Buddhist temples.

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Art historians at the University of Chicago have digitally recreated another Buddhist cave temple complex at Xiangtangshan in northern China, where many of the site's original sculptures have been lost or removed.

BBC: Digital Chinese caves preserve history