The concept, called carbon capture and sequestration, is discussed by policy-makers and emitters of large amounts of CO2 as a sure thing.

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Shell, Chevron and Marathon Oil announced today that they will build a carbon capture and sequestration mechanism into their 225, 000 barrels per day Athabasca Oil Sands Project.

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The final, and largely overlooked, outcome of the conference may yet prove its most important: delegates agreed to promote carbon capture and sequestration technologies, and to get serious about adaptation to climate change.

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Both Mr Obama and Mr Harper made particular mention of carbon capture and sequestration, an unproven and expensive technology that could eventually be used on the coal plants that produce about 70% of American electricity, or on the upgraders and refineries in the tar sands.

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Research is under way at the National Energy Technology Laboratory on so-called "carbon sequestration" technology that would capture CO2 gas before it is released into the atmosphere and inject it, either deep into the ocean or into the ground.

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