Some protesters called for harsher punishments for convicted rapists, such as chemical castration and the death penalty.

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"I call it the systematic castration of the groundfish fleet, " said Cattone.

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Michigan's court of appeals ruled that voluntary castration as a condition of probation (which many think not voluntary at all) was unlawful.

ECONOMIST: Manhood for the chop

Texas is the first state to put a castration law into effect.

ECONOMIST: Manhood for the chop

The final proven approach to castration-resistant prostate cancer is a vaccine.

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The figures favour that view: one German study involving 1, 600 men found that the rate of repeat offences dropped from 84% to 3% after castration.

ECONOMIST: Manhood for the chop

They call castration barbaric and feel that it gives the public a false sense of security by playing to people's desire for an easy solution to a complex problem, .

ECONOMIST: Manhood for the chop

For most of 60 years men with advanced cases have had a dearth of treatments other than crude hormone therapy adopted in the 1940s, which essentially was a form of chemical castration.

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The Harry Potter books are rife with teen angst, themes of disenchantment, the struggle for identity, even aggression and castration fantasies, as Dr. Rosegrant wrote in the Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association last year.

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For more than half a century it was common for doctors to carry out reversal operations, either through castration or constructing a new vagina, on babies whose genitals were seen as either too big or too small.

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