Whatever Halliburton thinks the Court of Appeals meant to say, what it said was loss causation.
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Such observations yield a wealth of correlations, but it is much harder to pin down causation.
But correlation is indeed a guide to causation even if it is not proof of it.
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Trade imbalances are the tethering link in the chain of causation behind the long recession.
Establishing a statistical link between low wages and corruption does not show which way causation flows.
But there are at least two reasons to believe that correlation, in this case, reflects causation.
The first question hinges on causation, a tricky thing to show at the best of times.
"I am not interested in causation except as it speaks to action, " he is quoted as saying.
Big data may be great at teasing out correlations but it has little to say about causation.
But correlation is not causation, so Mr Eppig and his colleagues tried to eliminate other possible explanations.
It certainly correlates with the emergence of the web, though whether the correlation reflects causation is unproven.
Of course correlation does not prove causation but this correlation seemed way too high to be mere coincidence.
In the church of climate change, most or all unfortunate events that occur are attributable to human causation.
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Even if a strong association between silicone and a disease is found, it does not necessarily establish causation.
So a coincidence of good and bad returns with presidencies of both parties is not proof of causation.
The answer is, of course, no and the reason has to do with the difference between causation and correlation.
But according to Mr. Starks, there are other, bigger, risks in ignoring causation.
To suggest that causation flows only one way is to miss the point.
Forcing plaintiffs to prove loss causation merely to form a class, Roberts wrote, would make such litigation nearly impossible.
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But, and this is terribly important for today, the line of causation does not run in the opposite direction!!!
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As every science student is taught from the beginning, correlation is not causation.
Much of the second half is taken up with the devilishly tricky business of trying to extract causation from correlation.
To repeat, correlation is not causation, and a lot more work would need to be done to prove the point.
One of the comments on my article asked about correlation and causation.
Here Bergh and Henrekson are talking about correlation, but what about causation?
It demonstrates quite conclusively the causation connection between in a quantitative fashion.
Importantly, for purposes of public policy, causation is not the right or only threshold for whether we need to tackle this issue.
That testimony was enough to establish causation, the lawyer argued, despite the fact that Cochran never suffered from the unwarned condition of VHD.
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Well, as the first chapter of any Principles Economics course discusses, we must be able to make the distinction between causation or association.
Considering all of the evidence, I find that the petitioners have failed to demonstrate that thimerosal-containing vaccines can contribute to the causation of autism.
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