Years ago, major chemical companies like Du Pont and Dow Chemical began to move their operations overseas.

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Poor communication slowed help desk operations at Dow Chemical Co. in Midland, Mich.

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Where it was struggling in North America, the world's largest chemical market, BASF has streamlined operations, closing old plants, acquiring a slew of new businesses and cutting the number of employees by 15%.

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Included are regulations on power plants, refineries, mining operations, cement plants, chemical manufacturers, and a host of other industries.

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The Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE) said jobs created by fracking, a form of gas extraction, included chemical, mechanical, civil and structural engineers, operations staff and geologists.

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While slightly smaller forces were capable of prevailing without a significant increase in risk in the base case of the analysis, a larger force was judged necessary to conduct these operations with acceptable risk when either enemy chemical weapons were used or shorter warning times were played.

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I'm a chemist by trade - I worked in chemical defence areas and then started getting involved in support to operations.

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