In between publishing Uses and Goldsmiths, Hoggart was engaged in various other civic duties.

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They are civic duties which have clearly been constructed around the idea of British values: tolerance, fair play, respect for democracy and the rule of law.

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When he returned to Boston in 1787, Bulfinch undertook several civic duties, including selectman and superintendent of police, before becoming devoted to park design and urban projects.

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In the United States, where, of course, there is just such a constitution, civic duties are defined in law - they're the responsibilities of citizens to their country, such as obeying the law and paying taxes.

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In Britain as in Israel and indeed throughout the free world, those norms are based on the understanding that the ability of a society to remain a free society is contingent on its citizenry's recognition that there can be no civil rights without civic duties.

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This change in what we expect our civic life to look like and what we consider our duties as citizens to be has come about through the eccentric, sometimes quixotic refusal to obey laws that offended reason as well as conscience.

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