It has also led to a massive surfeit of CO2 emissions permits, pushing the price of carbon, and therefore the cost of coal production, sharply lower.

BBC: Coal resurgence calls undermine clean energy commitments

Samaddar said that many other industries in Poland such as coal mining and transportation rely on healthy steel production and that cost efficiency is paramount.

CNN: Steel giant exec: EU target emission impossible

Several coal operators face insolvency within 2 years if pricing remains below their cost of production.

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