Over the past two decades, emerging market countries and companies have increasingly looked to the private capital markets (i.e. the issuing of stocks and bonds) for larger-scale funding and away from their traditional reliance on syndicated commercial bank loans and Western government financing vehicles.
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Since the 1980's, emerging market economies, like those of China and Russia, have become increasingly sophisticated in the way they finance their respective governments and affiliated companies -- transitioning from reliance on syndicated commercial bank loans and Western government funding vehicles to the private capital markets (i.e. the issuance of stocks and bonds).
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But unlike bank loans, commercial paper is not backed by collateral.
The seventh rise in a year took the rate at which the central bank loans to commercial banks from 6.25% to 6.5%, the highest since early 2008.
Last week China's commercial banks were banned from providing bank loans for stockmarket speculation.
In 1993, the company began issuing commercial paper, a departure from the bank loans that traditionally funded Japanese companies.
Without residential and commercial mortgage loans marked to market, bank financials are works of fiction, just like Japanese banks' financials were in the early '90s.
This bank is overexposed to Commercial Real Estate loans.
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For commercial loans, companies that are not bank eligible often turn to asset-backed lenders, pledging inventories and accounts receivable or leasing equipment rather than purchasing it.
The Paris Club of official creditors recently told Pakistan that if it wanted more help, it should include Eurobonds not just bank loans in its renegotiation of its commercial debt.
One part ("the bad bank") will assume all the residential and commercial real-estate loans and securitized mortgages as assets, and all the long-term debt as liabilities.
The loans to JBS and Marfrig were commercial decisions, made by the bank's commercial arm, at commercial rates.
Have a look at the recent trend in loans and investments at commercial banks, courtesy of the Federal Reserve Bank of St.
Slow economic growth has reduced the demand for commercial banking loans, which accounts for nearly a third of all loans outstanding for Bank of America.
On its website, Lloyds Bank claims it has reduced the cost of loans to businesses, and commercial mortgages, by 1%, directly as a result of Funding for Lending.
No outsider knows the percentages of non-performing loans at the big four banks of China, including the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China and China Construction Bank.
The bank attracts deposits and originates and purchases one to four family residential mortgage loans, commercial real estate loans and multi-family property loans.
For example between 1985 and 1988, about 80 percent of all Western commercial bank credits to the former Soviet Union took the form of untied, balance-of-payments loans with no effort made to identify where the money was going or how it would be used.
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