The comparator must be the medicine least likely to cause heart problems among rival treatments.
Finally, the cost of adding the expensive comparator drug needs to be factored in.
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England, our most natural comparator and one that is used in the paper, was not in that position.
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Most firms (once fees are included) fail to match the returns available in the public market (which the report argues is the relevant comparator).
The government has always said it would not proceed with its plan unless it was shown to be clearly superior to a public-sector comparator.
On a conference call Tuesday morning, the investigators for the trial weighed naproxen as a likely comparator, Borer says, but no final decision has been made.
So if the EMH is wrong then all of those prices will potentially be wrong: if right, well, how would we know without an objective comparator?
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Those valuable but expensive trials, where doctors design a careful experiment and then give patients either Vioxx or a comparator drug, could answer questions about Vioxx's safety.
"Size of Wales" was founded by Welsh environmentalists annoyed that their country was often used in the media as a comparator to gauge the scale of rainforest destruction.
Proving an incrementally better product enhances value can be expensive (because it takes many patients to demonstrate a small difference in an active comparator trial), and of course, risky as well.
With the small absolute event numbers and lack of a comparator arm in the study (only 7% of patient-days were on placebo), we view the move in the shares as an overreaction.
In order to meet the demands and expectations of oncologists, regulators and payers, the sponsor of the next ALK inhibitor will need to prove not only that its drug is effective, but the sponsor also will need to run comparator studies of its new drug against Xalkori.
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The important comparator is this: 18 months ago, the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) was forecasting that public sector net debt would reach its peak a year earlier, in 2014-15, and it thought that peak would be considerably lower - 70.9% of GDP (87.2% on the eurozone's basis).
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