In one study the cooling increased the rate of survival with minimal or moderate disability from 26% to 49%, according to results published in The New England Journal of Medicine.

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While opinion in America regularly swings from waiting for a rate cut to bolster the cooling economy to positoning for an anti-inflationary increase, the preponderance of evidence emanating from the Federal Reserve is that the U.S. target will remain unchanged for months to come.

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"The reason the pace of recovery has slowed is not because of the end of the zero interest rate policy, but because of a sudden cooling in the US economy, " Mr Hayami said.

BBC: Zero interest rates back on agenda

Recent economic indicators had suggested the economy was cooling sufficiently to reduce concerns over inflation, and hence fears of further interest rate rises.

BBC: US inflation jumps

But company executives liked being in a growth industry over the last decade dividends have risen at an average annual rate of 22% for ten years so now that Pentagon demand is cooling, they are looking for new ways to keep growing.

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