Some Latin American nations have used counter-cyclical policies to cushion the effects of external shocks.
Basel III additional capital buffers are: a mandatory capital conservation buffer of 2.5% and a discretionary counter-cyclical buffer.
FORBES: Basel Barriers: How capital requirements would impede progress in the sovereign debt crisis
It's a counter-cyclical event that it occurs every time we have a downturn.
So Mr Williamson's plan sits best with the view that fiscal policy should also have a strong counter-cyclical role.
In any case, if counter-cyclical fiscal policy is to work, speed is crucial.
But even if on paper there is scope for counter-cyclical policies, in practice there are still constraints (see article).
Rational expectations theory therefore implies that repeated counter-cyclical policies will be anticipated and are unlikely to affect real GDP or unemployment.
FORBES: Thomas Sargent, Rational Expectations And The Keynesian Consensus
The macroeconomy has a long-run equilibrium natural rate of unemployment and GDP from which unanticipated counter-cyclical policy can scarcely nudge the economy.
FORBES: Thomas Sargent, Rational Expectations And The Keynesian Consensus
Sceptical economists argue that counter-cyclical stimulus often does more harm than good.
"The luxury industry has always been a little bit counter-cyclical, " Arnault says.
It is also a result of the counter-cyclical fiscal expansions that many developing countries, notably China, embarked on in response to the 2007-08 crisis.
The 2002 law introduced a system of counter-cyclical payments, or CCPs.
The basic policy conclusion of the rational expectations hypothesis is that counter-cyclical monetary and fiscal policies affect real GDP and unemployment only if they are unanticipated.
FORBES: Thomas Sargent, Rational Expectations And The Keynesian Consensus
Doorstep lending, or home credit as it is termed by the trade, is a counter-cyclical business: in a downturn, bad debts pile up, blackening credit histories.
ECONOMIST: New competition means doorstep lenders are in trouble
President Herbert Hoover, a Republican and former Commerce secretary, believed the government should monitor the economy and encourage counter-cyclical spending to ease downturns, but not directly intervene.
Once countries can no longer use monetary policy to moderate national highs and lows in economic activity, fiscal policy will need to assume a greater, nationally differentiated, counter-cyclical role.
He sees the improvement in the job market but that does not mean the economy is on sound footing yet, or that it is time to pull back on counter-cyclical measures.
Germany's finance minister has ruled out new counter-cyclical measures.
Try the counter-cyclical self-storage sector or health care.
Nevertheless, the concept deals with one of the main arguments that Democrats make against block grants, which is that more people need Medicaid during economic downturns and block grants do not account for that counter-cyclical nature of the program.
FORBES: Why Block-Granting Medicaid Will Result in Better Health Care for the Poor
Even those that could perhaps afford to run a counter-cyclical policy to offset the effects of the downturn are squeezing public finances in part because they think that cutting deficits will help them reach the (presumed) safety of the euro zone.
Well they are in a recession and we know that the fourth quarter is going to be awful and we hope that because of the counter-cyclical measures now taken that we will have reasonable recovery in, latest the second quarter of next year.
Talk about a counter-cyclical industry.
FORBES: Trends in the Multi-Billion Dollar Video Game Industry: Q/A with Gaming Champ Fatal1ty
Counter-cyclical deficits up the Shinanho.
FORBES: The World Economy Is Turning Japanese, I Really Think So
"A leaner, more responsive and more productive shipbuilding and offshore construction business will be better placed to take advantage of emerging market opportunities and to counter the cyclical nature of ship-ordering patterns, " he said.
应用推荐