From the early 1990s, the dollar amount of CRA loans began a steep decade-long climb.
It all began with the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) of 1977 under President Jimmy Carter.
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The CRA remained in place throughout the Bush administration, which reaped whatever electoral advantages it offered.
In January, CRA completed the second phase of its analysis, which estimated the damages associated with non-indictment contract transactions.
The CRA remains in place and is actively exploited by the Obama administration.
The CRA increased the oversight of financial institutions and empowered organizations such as the Association of Community Organizers for Reform Now (ACORN).
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One big implementation issue is how currently CFTC-registered FDMs (under CRA) go about converting their registrations to the new DF-category of RFED.
Indeed, bank regulators, who were in charge of enforcing CRA standards, could hardly disapprove of similar loans made to better qualified borrowers.
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In 1995, the regulators created new rules that sought to establish objective criteria for determining whether a bank was meeting CRA standards.
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Venter, who founded Celera Genomics (nyse: CRA - news - people ), was instrumental in creating Celera's gene sequence.
The Federal Reserve is one of the agencies that oversee CRA compliance.
The Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) did the same thing with traditional banks.
Celera Genomics (nyse: CRA - news - people ) has several diagnostic tests that could bring revenue in the near future.
The CRA allows Congress to overturn rules created by federal agencies, using a joint resolution made under an expedited process and requiring a simple majority.
CRA including items such as travel expenses and the handling of petty cash that are highly unlikely to have any serious impact on a company's financial reporting.
In addition, the OV5645's increased CRA enables ultra-thin camera modules with z-heights of approximately 4 mm, which is a key requirement for many OEMs' future products.
First passed in 1977, the CRA was "strengthened" in 1995, causing an increase of 80% in the number of bank loans going to low- and moderate-income families.
As the president, chief executive, and founder of Celera Genomics cra (nyse: cra - news - people), he is a kind of ready-made capitalist hero.
He issued new CRA regulations requiring banks and savings and loan associations to meet quotas for mortgages to borrowers at or below 80% of median income in their service areas.
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The mortgages that resulted are now problem loans for the GSEs, the FHA and the big banks that were required to make them in order to burnish their CRA credentials.
The subprime market had always existed because the higher risks were balanced by higher fees and interest rates, but the CRA pressured banks to increase loans and to hold down fees.
New research from several fronts suggests that the Human Genome Project (HGP) and Celera (nyse: CRA - news - people) may have missed tens of thousands of genes.
Houston's Compaq is developing the supercomputing technology in collaboration with genetic database company Celera Genomics (nyse: CRA - news - people) and the Department of Energy's Sandia National Labs.
The real effect of the CRA was to give arbitrary regulatory powers to federal agencies and to give shakedown powers to any community group that could threaten to bring a complaint against a target bank.
That policy started with the CRA, which required banks to lend throughout the entire geographic area in which they operate, including the poorest neighborhoods where qualification for credit under traditional standards was quite limited.
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"If you're so bent on an anti-inflation policy, then what you're willing to do is sacrifice economic growth and employment to prevent price increases, " says Douglas Bohi, an energy policy expert with CRA International in Washington.
Clinton recognized the untapped potential in some Carter-era legislation, the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA), which would give his administration leverage over financial institutions to increase loans to members of key voting blocs despite their relatively poor credit ratings.
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