In Swansea, police and social services, together with health and council staff, decide whether it is more appropriate for a young offender to go through the court system and end up with a criminal record or whether they could benefit from a "second chance".

BBC: Youth and child crime rates fall in Wales, YOT figures show

"If we use the criminal justice system for everything then it isn't actually an education, it gives people a criminal record, " he said.

BBC: Brighton and Hove Albion fans

The vast majority of it, though, is worthless to us and a pretty good exchange for frequent-flier miles, better search results, a fast system to qualify for credit, finding out if our babysitter has a criminal record and ads we find more useful than annoying.

FORBES: Digging Into Data-Mining Leaves Time Journalist Feeling Reassured