Facts: Global surface temperature rose about three-fourths of a degree Celsius in the 20th century.
Global mean temperature varied within a range of one degree Celsius during the Holocene.
The result, says Dickinson, is a uniformity of temperature across all the samples being tested to within 0.1 degree Celsius.
The nozzle that holds the vanes has a cartridge to protect it from the 830-degree Celsius heat that damaged earlier models.
Scientists and governments agree that the world has warmed by up to 0.6 degree Celsius (1.1 degree Fahrenheit) this century, according to WWF.
The direct warming due to doubling CO2 levels in the atmosphere can be calculated to cause a warming of about one degree Celsius.
And it can do it in minus 50-degree Celsius temperatures.
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Summer temperatures between 21 to 50 AD were about 1 degree Celsius warmer than now, and they were just as warm during the Medieval period about 1, 000 years later.
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But surface temperatures in all six of the ocean basins he examined (the north and south Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans) have increased by about half a degree Celsius.
The company has come up with a designer thermal salt that can hit temperatures in the 700 degree Celsius range, or far hotter than the 500 degree Celsius temperatures possible with ordinary salts.
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When the effects are calculated in a standard climate model, the result is a reduction in average temperature of 0.00005oC (one twenty-thousandth of a degree Celsius, or one ten-thousandth of a degree Fahrenheit).
This can make a difference in urban areas: Cities during the summer season tend to be about 1 degree Celsius warmer during the day and as much as 6 degrees Celsius warmer at night, according to the New Scientist.
The report said the blanket of heat-trapping gases has already raised ground temperatures by one-half degree Celsius (1.1 F) in the last 100 years, and scientists say the pace could quicken dramatically over the next 100 unless pollution is limited.
Evidence of past explosions is revealed in the image - huge lobes of 20-million-degree Celsius gas (the red loops in the image at approximately the 2 o'clock and 7 o'clock positions) that extend over dozens of light-years on either side of the black hole.
"It may be easy for you, but for me it's the most terrifying thing in the world, " says Joe, who is currently spending his days playing computer games with friends and occasionally practicing rugby with his father in the scorching 48 degree Celsius August heat.
It's also worth chucking into the mix that the global average temperature variation between even the strongest El Nino event and the next ordinary year is a fraction of a degree Celsius - certainly less than the rise of about 0.6C that we've seen since the beginning of the study period, in 1950.
One, by a team led by physicist Richard Muller of the University of California, Berkeley, concluded "the carbon dioxide curve gives a better match than anything else we've tried" for the (modest) 0.8 Celsius-degree rise in global average temperatures over land during the past half-century less, if ocean is included.
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"Six Degrees", by leading environmental campaigner Mark Lynas, sounds a red alert for the health of the planet, charting degree-by-degree the likely consequences of rising temperatures up to the worst-case scenario 5.8 degrees Celsius (10 degrees Fahrenheit) rise envisaged by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's 2001 report.
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