Some firms have given up manufacturing and turned to adding value through design and research and development.

ECONOMIST: Italian textiles and China

The new deal will create the Arctic Research and Design Center for Offshore Development in St.

FORBES: What Is The Political Risk Of The ExxonMobil-Rosneft Deal In The Arctic?

Cross, however, believes Dell needs to shift its focus to research and development and design, rather cranking out custom-built computers and selling them directly.

FORBES: Computer Wars

Our technology industry component covers 11 six-digit NAICS sectors covering information industries such as software publishing, Internet publishing, data processing, and tech-related business services such as computer systems design, custom programming, engineering services, and research and development.

FORBES: Methodology For Forbes' Best Cities For Tech Jobs List

SanDisk Corporation (NASDAQ: SNDK) is a global leader in flash memory storage solutions, from research and development, product design and manufacturing to branding and distribution for OEM and retail channels.

ENGADGET: CompactFlash Association announces 600MB/sec CFast2.0 spec, SanDisk developing cards

Looking to stay lean, a growing number of start-ups and small firms are turning to crowdsourcing for a variety of one-off jobs, from simple data entry to software testing, Website design, advertising, marketing, or research and development.

WSJ: Small firms, Start-ups Drive Crowdsourcing Growth

The K computer is a wholly made-in-Japan supercomputer, from the research and development of the processors, to system design and manufacturing.

ENGADGET: Fujitsu K supercomputer now ranked fastest in the world, dethrones China's Tianhe-1A