An additional benefit may also be the avoidance of physical contact and the potential for disease transmission.
Unfortunately (and surprisingly) only two of the studies addressed the question of disease transmission directly, and the numbers involved were too small to find a statistically significant difference between groups.
While correlations had been observed between disease transmission and local climate changes in some regions, "there is still much uncertainty about the potential impact of climate change on malaria at local and global scales, " it said.
It also warns that disease and parasite transmission and climate change may give the invading European hare an edge over our native species.
Patients should feel confident that their care will be provided in a safe environment and that there is infinitesimal risk of transmission of disease.
An increasing focus among public health officials and the media is the prospect that transmission of the disease is not only animal-to-animal but also human-to-human.
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There are now three countries - Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nigeria - where transmission of the disease has never been halted compared to 125 countries in the late 1980s.
The infection hides in the intestine and lymph nodes and can survive in manure and pond water for a year or more, making transmission of the disease difficult to stop.
Both strategies are aligned on the important role of syringe services programs (SSPs) as part of more comprehensive approaches to preventing transmission of infectious disease and linking people to needed services.
Using these variables, it can then predict the result of deploying various drugs, the likely success of methods such as insecticide-covered bed nets that are used to block transmission of the disease, and the probable impact of a vaccine, if and when one becomes available.
However, the disease and its true method of transmission have yet to be determined definitively, with cockroaches now suspect as transmitters.
The next goal with Guinea worm is to stop transmission of the parasitic disease in southern Sudan, which reported 2, 690 cases in 2009.
While no vaccine exists for hepatitis C, early detection and treatment can curb transmission, limit the disease's progression, and prevent life-threatening complications, including liver cancer.
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In contrast, Mr Charleston's study which the government paid for, so as to learn how better to control the disease measured direct incidences of transmission between animals.
The other cases do not show the sort of transmission pattern that normally gives away a genetic disease yet there is a bigger chance than normal that someone will suffer from Alzheimer's if relatives on his mother's side have also suffered.
Given the current state of knowledge of the biology of the disease, these epidemiologists argued, an elimination campaign could not guarantee to stop transmission, and thus keep the case-load down.
Anti-cull protesters, led by the Badger Trust, argued it had not yet been scientifically proven that badgers are implicated in the transmission of TB within cattle and it doubts a cull would help eradicate the disease.
It is not yet known how people are catching the disease, although the WHO says there is currently no evidence of human-to-human transmission.
Those who remember that richer places such as Spain, Italy, Greece and the southern United States once harboured the disease may be misled into thinking that the problem is one of social institutions to control its transmission.
If the fundamental disease is that individual eurozone countries have borrowed too much or are still borrowing too much, then the transmission mechanism making whole economies sick is the fear that banks possess too little capital to absorb losses that may arise if these country fail to repay all they owe.
To prevent transmission, treatment would in theory need to be expanded to all the 34m people infected with the disease.
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