Educational qualifications may be relatively easy to measure, but offer only a poor proxy for human capital.
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Some people are more likely to lose work than others - those with low educational qualifications for example.
Barriers to finding work include the fact that people with a visual impairment are less likely to hold educational qualifications, while they also face discrimination by employers, and a lack of awareness of help available.
In the 2001 census, nearly half of people in Glasgow Springburn said they did not have any educational qualifications - the fourth highest figure in the UK - and almost two thirds said they had no car - second only to neighbouring Shettleston.
Gregory Rodriguez, a researcher at Pepperdine University, argues that foreign-born Hispanics have three advantages which help them make up for their lack of educational qualifications: the highest number of wage-earners per family of any ethnic group, the highest participation in the labour force, and stable families.
Other than a presidential appointment, remarkably there are no background educational or professional qualifications to become a Commissioner.
Education for sustainable development calls for the comprehensive revision of curricula, job qualifications and the learning objectives of educational programmes at all levels.
The researchers say that once they had taken in to account other factors which can affect educational achievement and earnings and the individuals' highest qualifications, there was a link between maths and pay.
Educational assistance benefits qualify for one of those exclusions so long as they meet certain qualifications.
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She also rejects the awarding of qualifications to almost all students as a gimmick, which does not reflect educational achievement.
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