To their credit, ministers have pledged to try to get flying included in the European Union's Emissions Trading Scheme, a cap-and-trade arrangement for discouraging reliance on carbon.

ECONOMIST: Flying and climate change

The European Union, with its emissions trading scheme across 27 sovereign nations, has been at the forefront of efforts to curb carbon dioxide emissions.

FORBES: New Markets Emerge for Carbon Dioxide

The European Union's plans to introduce the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) have been met with a lot of opposition.

BBC: China agrees $8bn Airbus plane deal

It is the first such deal since the European Union suspended the inclusion of foreign airlines in its controversial Emissions Trading Scheme.

BBC: China agrees $8bn Airbus plane deal

The European Union argues that one credit must equal one tonne of carbon dioxide for its Emissions Trading Scheme, the largest emissions market, to be effective.

ECONOMIST: Carbon markets