By the end of next year, the exchange rate of the yuan to the dollar should be in the neighborhood of 6.1 to 1.
The CurrencyShares Australian Dollar Trust ( FXA) tracks the exchange rate of the Australian dollar and currently yields 3.1%.
He owns a workshop as a metal turner and his business is affected by the rate of exchange of the US dollar, which has fluctuated a lot recently.
It also managed to narrow the gap between the official exchange rate and the price of the dollar in the free market.
This promise can be verified every minute of the day by observing the current rate of exchange between the dollar and gold, and, under a classical gold standard, by exchanging currency at a national bank for gold coins of a fixed weight and purity.
Ecuador dollarized its currency, pegging the exchange rate of its peso to the dollar, and Panama has used the dollar alongside its own currency for decades.
What the IMF was supposed to do was strictly this: provide loans to countries whose currencies were having trouble staying at a fixed rate of exchange to the dollar, so that that rate would be maintained.
Families in Mexico who depend on the income sent to them from workers abroad are also suffering from the unfavourable exchange rate of the Mexican peso against the US dollar - with the US dollar falling 8% this year.
One is the rigidity of its exchange-rate peg, and the strength of the dollar.
With the benefit of hindsight, most economists have been critical of the August 2001 deal for Argentina, which simply postponed rather than prevented the collapse of the exchange-rate peg with the dollar and, with it, the country's banking system.
The country's National Confederation of Industry (CNI) has expressed concern at the current exchange rate of about 1.70 reais to the dollar and has called on Ms Rousseff to bring it down to somewhere between 2.00 and 2.20.
PPP, our hamburger standard, is the exchange rate that makes the dollar price of a burger the same in each country.
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We see a rising probability of pressure on the renminbi-to-the-dollar exchange rate in the second half of next year.
Under a currency board arrangement, the central bank guarantees the redemption of all notes in circulation at a set exchange rate to the dollar or another foreign currency or basket of currencies.
Linking the kiwi dollar to the Australian dollar would not eliminate the overall risk of exchange-rate volatility facing New Zealand firms.
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Conservatively speaking, then, it appears that over the past couple of years, the real exchange rate of the yuan, deflated by unit labor costs, has been appreciating against the dollar at a rate of something like 15 percent per year.
But dollar savings are being converted at an exchange rate of 1.4 pesos to the dollar, and will then be indexed to inflation.
Venezuela has a fixed official exchange rate of 2.15 to the dollar.
Mundell is proposing, in effect, a de facto super-regional currency area by managing the exchange rate between the dollar and the euro through a process of central bank coordination.
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The next potential risk event for the exchange rate between the dollar and the yen could be the Group of 20 finance ministers meeting in Washington set to commence later, where it's possible that representatives of other countries could express their view on Japan's quantitative easing program and its potential impact on the global economy.
Some money-watchers have suggested that while Hong Kong continues to publicly stand by the linked-exchange rate peg of its currency to the U.S. dollar, behind the scenes it may be looking for alternatives.
Quantitative easing, for instance, need not work only, or even mainly, through the exchange rate: early in the Fed's first bout of quantitative easing, the dollar rose.
We are evaluating ways to potentially mitigate the impact of any further weakening in the yen-to-dollar exchange rate.
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Put simply, the dollar-yen exchange rate has been artificially depressed because of a gigantic repatriation of Japanese investments from Europe and the U.S. The dollar will soon soar higher.
He is reported to have raised the question of the euro-dollar exchange rate with Mr Bush.
The long-term chart of the euro-dollar exchange rate shows a series of lower highs since 2007 (line c).
However, the Americans, at the other end of the yen-dollar exchange rate, do not necessarily see things this way.
With an exchange rate of 6.7 South African rand to the dollar back then, South African producers would have been receiving near 11, 700 rand per ounce, Tremblay said.
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Mr Velloso is worried about possible further weakness in the exchange rate (the real depreciated by 17% against the dollar in the last three months of 2008), and also by the ability of Brazilian companies to roll over their debt.
The lack of a developed financial market has the flipside of making it difficult for the central bank to inject or withdraw kyat liquidity or to intervene in the dollar market as a way of combatting any sharp moves in the exchange rate, as most of it occurs with back-alley money changers.
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