This year the price of Russia's main export commodity, oil, has fallen sharply.
The biomass industry is quickly expanding, especially in the southeastern United States, where giant pelletizing plants are popping up to turn trees into a ready-to-burn export commodity.
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Investors are dumping the currency because the Canadian economy is widely perceived as commodity-based and export-oriented at a time when commodity prices are depressed and export markets are sluggish.
The Bank cut the base Selic rate last month, citing a slowdown in demand and concerns that the advanced economies might slow even more, easing export demand and commodity prices.
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In a recent report, " The Implications of the Global Financial Crisis for Low-Income Countries, " the Fund singled out sub-Saharan Africa as particularly vulnerable to the crisis, as lower global growth reduces export demand and depresses commodity prices.
Even as weak commodity prices depress export prices, sluggish demand growth in the rich world may limit emerging economies' export volumes.
The only problem is that current law precludes the extension of Commodity Credit Corporation agricultural export credits unless there is a reasonable prospect of repayment.
Freer trade, private sector investment in the mining and telecom industries, plus rising commodity prices that have boosted export dollars, have begun to show signs of paying off.
Many sharks perish as bycatch, but increasingly they are being hunted for their fins, a delicacy in China and a lucrative commodity. (The annual export of fins is thought to be worth about a billion dollars.) One study, published in Ecology Letters last year, estimates that between twenty-six million and seventy-three million sharks are killed for their fins every year.
Stronger wage growth and high commodity prices have squeezed profits, and export order books are suddenly thinner.
Edward Meir, MF Global commodity analyst, blames "Opec's continuing refusal to tighten export quotas" and says "the ensuing price bias will be to the downside".
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