Yet despite adverse external conditions, the economy is not heading for the abyss.
But Ralph Valerio, from the Prison Officers' Association, said that would potentially be "damaging to the external forces in the economy".
The main drawback of a currency union is the loss of an independent monetary policy to cushion the economy against external shocks.
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In an ideal world for union organizers, where the external forces of global economy have no impact on union membership, this may not be true.
And obviously this has added economic and financial costs due to the influx, and has further strained the economy that is already under considerable external pressures with an unstable region, a sluggish global economy that is still recovering.
Despite the adverse external environment, the Brazilian economy has been reacting positively to the various countercyclical measures adopted by the Brazilian government.
Because union membership under the NLRA cannot withstand the external pressure of a globalized economy it appears the NLRA has failed in the long run.
But while Croatia may be looking for external solutions to invigorate its economy, one expert on southeast Europe from the London School of Economics told CNN the country must also overcome internal hurdles.
It is easy to exaggerate the degree to which China's economy is dependent upon external trade.
With the economy this vulnerable to external effects, even radical reform may be less risky than the status quo.
The more rigid wages are, the greater the need for a flexible exchange rate to help the economy respond to an external shock.
That makes the economy more exposed to external shocks, such as swings in confidence among the foreign investors who fund the bulk of the deficit.
The housing market and the larger economy were still subject external shocks including the debt ceiling debate, the European Crisis and unexpectedly strong austerity by State and Local governments.
But a toxic combination of external debt and collapsing confidence left the economy floundering.
External aid fills gaps in the domestic economy and satisfies vital needs such as food and energy that the regime cannot provide for indigenously.
One is external to the state: the global economy has become a much more knowledge-intensive place, with even the oil business turning into a high-tech industry, so Texas needs more and better universities and schools.
But if the numbers are right, Russia is heading towards a twin deficit economy, where the government budget and external trade balance are negative.
Unfortunately, the exogenous factors hitting the economy in the second quarter, both external and internal, are much worse than the first quarter, said Tony Volpon, head of emerging markets research at Nomura Securities in New York.
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By doing only bottom-up analysis, investors implicitly assume that external factors (the winds and hurricanes of the global economy) have no impact on these cash flows.
The U.S. economy needs all the help it can get from external sources.
But, analysts quickly turned back to fear as external problems illuminated important problems inherent in the workings of the economy.
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Any country that abolishes its own currency needs to have an economy that is strong and flexible enough to accommodate external shocks, since it cannot ride them out by printing money.
This is a necessary step to develop an economy that's more resilient in the face of external shocks.
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Domestic demand, encouraged by low interest rates, had gained too much weight in the economy, he said, inflating household debt and swelling external deficits.
This is the value of an exchange-rate peg in an economy such as Hong Kong's: adjustment to external shocks takes place through changes to domestic prices, rather than through exchange-rate levels.
So if the currently rude health of the Indonesian economy were to deteriorate because of policy mistakes or an external shock, the response might be more, not less, liberalisation a swifter dismantling of monopolies, privatisation of the still bloated state sector, and a freer trade regime.
Deregulation would help, by making it easier to sell services (such as residential care) to the elderly, by freeing up finance to allow them to make better use of their savings, and by encouraging more competition in the domestic economy so that it can withstand the inevitable shocks to external trade.
The economy has been hurt by high interest rates and a weak external environment, which has led to a collapse in private investment, coupled with large fiscal and current-account deficits.
The economy has been hurt by high interest rates and a weak external environment, which has led to a collapse in private investment, coupled with large fiscal and current account deficits.
The risk must be that whatever government emerges will only prove an interlude before a fresh crisis, in which external pressure once again is required to force Rome to confront the Italian economy's structural shortcomings, perhaps in return for a deal with the European Central Bank to support the government bond market under its Outright Market Transactions program.
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