Bobby Calder's research showed that every extra syllable in a product's price decreases its chances of being remembered by 20%, something caused by the fact that a person's phonological loop -- a regulator of memory -- can only hold 1.5 to 2 seconds of spoken information.
Enter a proposal for a minimum price on alcohol, which would see a little over a dollar extra on wine and three dollars on a bottle of liquor.
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Although extra testosterone brings advantages, it can also extract a price by weakening a chick's immune system.
Under such a system, for example, a store owner could give a discount to someone paying with an American Express credit card, charge extra for use of a Visa charge card and leave the price unaltered for a Visa credit card.
Hydrogen Energy International, a joint venture between two big resource firms, Rio Tinto and BP, says that its proposed CCS plant in California will need extra subsidies, even though the state is imposing a carbon price and the project will earn revenues from enhanced oil recovery.
The extra hardware and software costs start to push the price of a netbook towards that of a standard laptop, which will invariably be better because it has a bigger processor and superior graphics.
Aso said late Tuesday that he plans to submit an extra budget to parliament to finance stimulus spending but has not disclosed a price tag.
Many such funds have sales charges of 4% to 5% and continuing fees of more than 1% a year, a high price to pay for the privilege of collecting an extra point or two per year in yield.
So even as we're tackling issues of supply and demand, even as we're looking at the long-term in terms of how we can structurally make ourselves less reliant on foreign oil, we still need to work extra hard to protect consumers from factors that should not affect the price of a barrel of oil.
In the case of the oil company, for instance, the cost of land corresponds to the premium (or down-payment) on a call option, and the extra investment needed to start production to its strike price (at which the option is exercised).
Still, we haven't seen sustained sales of a cutting-edge Nexus phone at a low-end price, and it may be harder to say that LTE and extra storage are worth more on an Optimus G or its immediate competition.
ENGADGET: Editorial: Amazon and Google are undermining mobile pricing, and that may hurt everyone
This government and the previous Labour government believed this necessary to reflect the fact that developers have seen an increased price of land with newly granted planning permission, and that developers must help a community with extra infrastructure to deal with the increased numbers of inhabitants.
Depending on the price of gas, it can take quite a while for fuel savings to make up for the extra expense of buying a hybrid as opposed to a standard, gasoline-powered equivalent.
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