Some Social Democrats also favour tuition fees, financed by loans that are paid back only once graduates have big enough salaries.

ECONOMIST: German universities

Ms Smith said her party had ruled out up-front tuition fees and a pure graduate tax and instead declared themselves in favour of a deferred fees system facilitated through income contingent loans.

BBC: Higher education debate

The Isle of Man government has voted in favour of introducing university tuition fees for Manx students.

BBC: Student protest