The queen's main privilege is to produce the majority of the female offspring in the next generation.
Another possibility, said Dr Crisanti, would be a modification in male mosquitoes which led to the death of any female offspring.
Their parents likely had no inkling that their future female offspring would be sitting at a computer taking an English-language standardized test in hopes of embarking on a career in business.
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These eggs were then transplanted into a female mouse and healthy offspring were born who grew into fertile male and female adult mice.
Siswi, an oversized female, is the offspring of one of Galidikas' original ex-captives.
By combining her genes with a male's, a female halves her genetic contribution to her offspring, and subsequent generations see it halved again and again.
That would make it easier for female birds to control the sexes of their offspring.
Mitochondrial DNA is passed down from mothers to their offspring, so only all-female lines of descent can be traced using those indicators.
Severino had previously mated with a female parrot, but the pair never produced any offspring.
Such food, whether it be a neatly wrapped fly, or the body of the dead male, provides nutrients for the female, allowing her to produce bigger or more numerous offspring, to the ultimate benefit of the father's genes.
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Every year, each female king crab gives birth to around 10, 000 surviving offspring and there are now 20 million in the Barents Sea alone.
According to this idea, the successful female ends up with the strongest partner and achieves the highest quality offspring.
Having been trained to detect similarities among images, the apes were shown a female's portrait and then given a choice between two other faces, one of which showed her offspring.
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