Goodyear, the Court dismissed a suit by a female employee who had proved to a jury that she had been discriminated against in salary decisions over decades, basing the decision on the grounds that Ms. Ledbetter failed to file suit within 180 days of receipt of her first substandard paycheck.
In the suit more than 100 female employees in 30 different states filed sworn statements saying they were paid less than male colleagues.
And a study carried out in Scotland in the early 1990s found male GPs wearing a suit and tie and female doctors wearing a white coat who were most favoured, especially among older and richer patients.
In 2007 Morgan Stanley agreed to settle claims in a class action suit alleging discrimination against thousands of female employees in compensation and promotion.
The issue of casual and revealing attire causes tension between female Baby Boomers (who remember the navy-suit era) and younger women.
Similarly, Sanofi-Aventis also settled a suit in March on behalf of 4, 000 female sales representatives who claimed inequality in pay and promotions.
"Being a target customer myself and growing up in China I understand the needs of the Chinese female audience and know how to add Chinese elements to better suit their needs, " she says.
Abramson had fired a female employee, who promptly threatened to file a sex-discrimination suit.
The Supreme Court has in recent years backed limits on class actions, most notably in the 2011 decision that stopped a suit against Wal-Mart involving up to 1.6 million of its female employees who complained of sex discrimination.
The suit, led by Wal-Mart employee Betty Dukes, began in 2001 and claimed that female employees were systematically paid less than male employees, received smaller raises and fewer promotions and were steered away from management positions into lower-level jobs without much advancement potential.
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