After his release, Mr Chavez established the Fifth Republic Movement, which would lead him to power in 1998.
Later founded the Fifth Republic, served as its first president from 1958 until 1969.
In France, centuries of feudal privileges did not disappear at the birth of the Fifth Republic.
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One sign of it is his low popularity rating, the worst of any president in the Fifth Republic.
Under the fifth republic, no French prime minister has ever moved directly from that job to the presidency.
Against all precedent under the Fifth Republic, the prime minister's poll numbers have climbed as the president's have tumbled.
But America's refusal to make a gesture has made the most pro-American president of the Fifth Republic look silly.
It is the first time in the Fifth Republic's 40 years that a prefect has been fired or jailed.
Mr Sarkozy's poll numbers remain far worse than for any other Fifth Republic president ahead of a re-election bid.
Up to a point, foreign policy will remain in the president's hands, as it always has under France's fifth republic.
In 11 months in office, President Hollande has fallen further and faster than any other president of the modern day Fifth Republic.
After his release, Chavez founded the Fifth Republic Movement and became the leader of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela in 2007.
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Mitterrand, the longest-serving leader of the Fifth Republic, was buried in the family tomb at Jarnac in southwestern France after a private mass.
By having put the authority of the presidency at risk, Mr Chirac may have opened up a new chapter in the Fifth Republic.
There are films, exhibitions, books (see article), conferences and talks in the honour of the resistance leader and founder of the fifth republic.
If Mr Hollande wins, as the polls suggest, he will become only the second Socialist president in the Fifth Republic and the party will have its first presidential victory in 24 years.
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Under the Fifth Republic the president enjoys ample discretion.
Since Charles de Gaulle inaugurated the fifth republic in 1958, there have been eight referendums, ranging from the approval of the constitution, through independence for Algeria, to the ratification (by the thinnest of margins) in 1992 of the Maastricht treaty.
Cyprus is the fifth country after Greece, the Republic of Ireland, Portugal and Spain to turn to the eurozone for financial help during the region's debt crisis.
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In other matches, Maria Sharapova thrashed America's Mallory Burdette 6-1 6-1 to advance to the last 16, while fifth seed Petra Kvitova from Czech Republic beat France's Pauline Parmentier 6-4 6-4.
In a first round match played on Wednesday, the fifth seed Petra Kvitova, of the Czech Republic, beat Anastasia Rodionova after the Australian pulled up with a muscle strain in her left leg while trailing 6-2 1-0.
Other players left sitting it out were third seed Tomas Berdych of the Czech Republic, who was due to play home hope Tommy Robredo, fifth seed Milos Raonic of Canada and Japan's sixth seed Kei Nishikori.
The first, comprising the poorest eight new members - Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Malta - will have a fifth of the EU population but on average just 42% of the GNP per capita.
Spaniard Robredo, the fifth seed, lost 1-6 6-3 6-2 to 10th seed Tomas Berdych of the Czech Republic.
Abdul Gayoom, president of the tiny island republic of the Maldives, has been in office since November 1978 and has been elected again for a fifth consecutive five-year term.
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