Four years ago his doctors at the University of Oklahoma implanted on the outside of his heart an experimental device that measures fluid pressure in the organ.
Another issue is finding the right tubing that is flexible enough to wind up on a spool but resilient enough to not bend or break, either from internal fluid pressure or by being cut by plants and rocks on the landscape.
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Giffords had hydrocephalus after she was shot, a condition where an excess of cerebral-spinal fluid puts pressure on the brain.
But perhaps frackers, who inject high-pressure fluid into rocks deep underground to release natural gas, are beginning to improve themselves.
Noor has a shunt in her brain to relieve pressure from fluid buildup, and she often experiences urinary tract infections that could possibly lead to renal failure.
In addition to the drainage tubes in her chest, she required needle-drainage procedures in her abdomen every week or two to relieve the severe pressure from the litres of fluid that the cancer was producing there.
In order for all of the sensors in the inner ear to function properly, the fluid needs to retain a certain volume, pressure and chemical composition.
He said there had been a build-up of pressure, which was relieved when some fluid was removed through a small opening in the skull.
Carbo Ceramics ( CRR - news - people )(CRR, 73) , a Houston firm that makes various forms of "proppant, " particles (sand or a synthetic substitute) injected along with the fracking fluid to keep the fissures propped open after the pressure is withdrawn.
That depth provides enough pressure to turn CO2 into what is known as a supercritical fluid, a form in which the stuff is more likely to stay put.
When pressurized water is fed over such an intersection, the pressure pushes down the thin layer of rubber, separating it from the fluid below, and it clamps shut the fluid channel below, like stepping on a hose.
The early diuretics replaced a brutal way to eliminate excess fluid through the use of tubes that were placed below the skin of swollen, edematous tissue to relieve the pressure.
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