One theory blames oxidative stress, caused by the onslaught of nasty molecules known as free radicals.
Free radicals are highly reactive molecules which have been linked to both heart disease and cancer.
This reaction releases highly reactive molecules known as free radicals which cause damage to the tissue.
Red grapes are also high in other antioxidants called polyphenols that prevent cell damage from free radicals.
Free radicals are highly reactive molecules that circulate in the body and can damage cells over time.
Antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E can "mop up" these free radicals, preventing their damaging effects.
The accumulation of such free radicals is one of the symptoms of the other known mitochondrial diseases.
Free radicals come in a lot of flavours, and a number of them are created by the body.
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When skin (the body's largest organ) is exposed to the sun's rays, free radicals can develop, Katz explained.
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The symptoms of pre-eclampsia have been linked to the production of toxic molecules called free radicals by the placenta.
Antioxidants work by mopping up these free radicals before they can cause damage.
One worry was that the mechanism behind the drug was--and is--murky, since free radicals alone can't account for its potency.
Much of the damage looks like the result of oxidation by free radicals (oxygen-rich compounds released during cellular energy production).
Studies of free radicals, a major suspect in aging, led to a promising stroke drug now in final-stage trials at AstraZeneca.
Lone chlorophyll, however, dumps its energy any old how, resulting in the formation of destructive molecules called free radicals and peroxides.
Free radicals alter cholesterol in a process known as oxidation, which is thought to speed up the hardening of the arteries.
These free radicals are oxygen-rich molecules in which one of the oxygen atoms is particularly likely to react with other chemicals.
As free radicals have the potential to cause genetic damage, they may be linked to the development of tumours, the scientists suggest.
Bronchial inflammation generates free radicals, and there is evidence that the antioxidant levels in the respiratory tract lining of asthmatics are reduced.
It aims to trap toxic free radicals, the highly reactive molecular fragments that are believed to spread damage several hours after a stroke.
Such reactions, though, often create damaging oxygen-rich molecules called free radicals, which are thought to be one of the driving forces of ageing.
The protein could also increase oxidative stress, which it is believed damages cells by creating free radicals which then stimulate the production of AGEs.
Besides absorbing light, the pigments can neutralise free radicals directly, help cells to hold on to their water, and even act as an antifreeze.
The extracts may in theory help to decrease production of liver toxins and free radicals which could be partially responsible for producing hangover symptoms.
And chocolate, particularly dark chocolate, does contain antioxidants which can help to mop up harmful free radicals - unstable chemicals that can damage our cells.
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Ginkgo, made from the nuts and leaves of a tree, is a rich source of antioxidants - substances which it is thought can neutralise free radicals.
In healthy people who are not being treated for cancer, antioxidants can have beneficial effects by sopping up the free radicals linked to aging and other diseases.
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It was found that a reduced-calorie diet cut the activity of genes linked to stress responses in the body that cause inflammation and the release of free radicals.
They then have nowhere to put all the light energy they are absorbing, and the resulting breakdown of biochemical pathways creates toxic oxygen-containing molecules known as free radicals.
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