When the pre-frontal cortex is fired up, the explicit system is usually turned on.
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The frontal cortex even expands in size in this initial phase, as we focus hard on the task.
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It includes the amygdala, hippocampus, cingulated gyrus, orbital frontal cortex, and the insula.
Psychiatrists have long trained the brain's pre-frontal cortex to fight against acute conditions like anxiety, post-traumatic stress and attention-deficit disorder.
The researchers concentrated on two areas of the brain, the hippocampus and the frontal cortex, areas where plaque formation occurs in humans.
The team suggests lead is having this effect because it attaches itself selectively to sites in the brain's frontal cortex and striatum.
Aging brains rely less on the hippocampus as memory degrades and more on the frontal cortex, which is more focused on reasoning skills.
Most of Pickens' brain activity during the living-nonliving test was on the left side of his frontal cortex, exactly where young brains would handle the job.
D2 is found in the frontal cortex (used in thinking), the temporal cortex (speech and motor functions) and the basal ganglia, which smooths out limb movements.
If we were to take a look at the frontal cortex of those who have mastered something through repetition, it would be remarkably still and inactive as they performed the skill.
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Those neurons in the frontal cortex that we needed in the initial stages are now freed up to help in learning something else, and the area goes back to its normal size.
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One of serotonin's jobs is to show growing nerve cells how they should connect from the frontal cortex, where reasoning takes place, to the limbic system, the seat of many emotional responses.
Turns out that the part of the brain that is occupied with memorizing irrelevant illogical information such as random digits, is the same (pre-frontal cortex) part that is charged with exercising self control.
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When you start something new, a large number of neurons in the frontal cortex (the higher, more conscious command area of the brain) are recruited and become active, helping you in the learning process.
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It sends data to iPhones (Android's in development) running the Melon app, which translates that info into a focus graph -- generally speaking, the higher the neural activity in your pre-frontal cortex, the higher your level of focus.
These include the frontal cortex (where decisions are made), the motor cortex (which controls muscle activity), the somatosensory cortex (where the sense of touch is located) and the part of the parietal cortex that regulates kinaesthesia (the sense of bodily motion, which is built up from signals from the muscles and the vestibular systems of the ears).
In fact what happened was increased activity in three areas of the frontal and parietal cortex, some of which are better known for their involvement in rational thought.
The results suggest that these emotions are handled in the medial prefrontal cortex (the middle of the front of the frontal lobe), the left posterior superior temporal sulcus (one of the furrows towards the side of the brain) and the visual cortex (towards the back of the brain).
Areas of the brain thought to be included in this network include medial frontal, the lateral parietal and the posterior cingulate regions of the cortex.
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