What remains a mystery is how gamma rays are created at such extraordinary energies.
The pions, in turn, will decay rapidly into very high-energy light, or gamma rays.
Gamma rays have to be studied from space because they cannot penetrate the earth's atmosphere.
X-rays, ultraviolet light and visible light particularly once it has weakened enough to stop emitting gamma rays.
Meanwhile, the newly real particles decay, giving off (among other things) light, X-rays and gamma rays.
X-rays and gamma rays that Eros gives off in response to bombardment by solar and cosmic radiation.
However, theory has held that such novae do not involve such cataclysmic processes that give rise to gamma rays.
Both these supernova remnants are strong sources of the type of gamma rays one would expect from neutral pion decay.
But they do not capture the cosmic rays and gamma rays directly.
Those pions decay quickly into the gamma rays that the scientists tracked.
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When the cosmic rays and gamma rays smash into molecules in the Earth's atmosphere, they set off a cascade of other fast-moving particles.
The skies are currently being flooded with the brightest display of gamma rays - the Universe's highest-energy light - ever seen by astronomers.
It was not previously thought that novae, which come about for different reasons than the brighter supernovae, could give rise to these gamma rays.
They last much longer than the gamma rays themselves, which means they can be pinpointed, deconstructed and dissected to reveal where they came from.
When these particles collide with other matter, gamma rays can result.
Scientists from the UK Childhood Cancer Study, measured radon and gamma rays in the bedrooms and living rooms of 2, 226 children with cancer and 3, 773 healthy children.
The Fermi telescope is specially designed to capture gamma rays, and the team was surprised to find that it was spitting out gamma rays at completely unexpected energies.
Moreover, they also point out that there should be a second signal from annihilating dark matter, in the form of gamma rays coming from the Milky Way's halo.
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It is thought that debris from the explosion slams into the gas and dust surrounding whatever it was that blew up, and that this collision generates gamma rays.
The sterile flies (raised in special laboratories in Guatemala and rendered sterile with gamma rays) are expected to mate with females which, of course, will be unable to reproduce.
In the case of Sir Martin, the misunderstanding was over who first came up with the idea that the gamma rays in bursts are generated by inverse Compton scattering.
X-rays are easier to pinpoint than gamma rays, so BeppoSAX was able to give astronomers a position for the bursts that was accurate enough to aim a big optical telescope at.
Gamma rays are high-frequency electromagnetic radiation essentially, extremely energetic light.
Progress: Just weeks after our story appeared, the USDA gave the go- ahead to the meat industry to use irradiation, which destroys bacteria by showering meat with electrons, gamma rays or x rays.
When a supergiant finally goes bang it produces a massive burst of gamma rays and that burst lasts much longer because the supergiant is so big and there's much more fuel to burn through.
BBC: NASA's Swift satellite observes massive supernova stars
As Dr Levan explained to me from America, where the results are being revealed for the first time, if we could see gamma rays ourselves these events would outshine everything else in the sky.
BBC: NASA's Swift satellite observes massive supernova stars
So while you're sitting around with the other patients in your pajamas and everybody's pale and thin and you're waiting for your turn to get the gamma rays, you think about a lot of things.
If that missile were armed with even a relatively small and crude nuclear weapon and that warhead were detonated in space high over the United States, it would unleash large quantities of gamma rays.
And that depends on being able to see the lower-energy radiation, in order to pinpoint what it was that exploded (gamma rays are impossible to focus, so the location of a burst is known only approximately).
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