Mitochondrial DNA is much more prone to oxidative damage (due to its nudity) than genomic DNA (11).

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Ancestry.com has created a sophisticated storage infrastructure for data ranging from ship manifests to DNA genomic sequences.

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It focused narrowly on areas in and around active genes, ignoring the 98.5% of genomic material known as "junk DNA." This process pinpointed 25, 000 genetic landmarks called SNPS (single nucleotide polymorphisms, or "snips"), places where a single dna letter varies from one person to the next.

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This year's top performer for the Invesco fund is Orchid BioScience, which makes biochips--microchips integrated with DNA molecules for use in genomic research.

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Instead, the RNA itself is busy doing jobs that were once thought to be the prerogative of proteins: regulating the transcription of other genes, protecting cells from viral attack and even keeping control of bits of DNA that really are junk (or, more accurately, are parasitic on the whole genomic apparatus).

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