The measurements have been used to construct a precise topographical map of Mars with many applications in geophysics, geology and atmospheric circulation.

BBC: New view of giant Martian volcano

Scientific approaches and techniques of different disciplines are to be employed, such as tectonics, paleogeography, paleontology, stratigraphy, sedimentology, structural geology, petrology, geochemistry, paleomagnetism, and geophysics.

UNESCO: EARTH SCIENCES FOR SOCIETY