Deepak Srivastava of the Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, in San Francisco, meanwhile, thinks he can go one better, by not using stem cells at all.

ECONOMIST: Stem cells and medicine: Repairing broken hearts | The

Ding, Senior Investigator at the Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and a professor at University of California San Francisco, is one of the scientists aiming to solve this problem by generating stem cells using chemical methods.

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Fast-forward a couple more years and Deepak Srivastava, a scientist at the Gladstone Institute in San Francisco, found his own three-gene recipe for turning the plentiful, plebian cells that form connective tissue in the heart directly into cardiomyocytes, the cells that make the heart beat and are damaged by heart attacks.

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Jim Powell, a senior fellow at the Cato Institute, explains how William Gladstone in the U.K. and Warren Harding in the U.S. got it done: by keeping the functions of the state to a minimum.

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