Two teams of engineers, one funded by the state of Louisiana and one based at the University of California, Berkley, have previously put the blame on the Army Corps of Engineers and on a weak layer of ground below the canal walls.
This autonomous, solar-powered robot carries a ground-penetrating radar to study how snow accumulates, adding layer upon layer to the ice sheet over time.
Interestingly, Mr. Davis has cited the importance of layered or "tiered" defense among his rationales for restarting the canceled E2I secondary interceptor for the single ground-based defense site he advocates -- despite the fact that the E2I system does not represent an independent layer.