Each component of the energy balance net radiation, turbulent heat fluxes, heat transfer into the ice and heat supplied by precipitation is derived separately from the measurements, and the variability throughout the year is evaluated.

UNESCO: Dublin Core

Where the ice vanishes entirely, the surface loses its usual highly reflective whiteness - which sends most solar radiation back into space - and is replaced by darker waters instead which absorb more heat.

BBC: Arctic ice melting at 'amazing' speed, scientists find

"It highlights the idea that electromagnetic radiation might act on cells by affecting the attractive forces between them rather than simply causing heat damage to tissue, " she said.

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