The hydrogen protons attach to the oxygen atoms, creating water.

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Stars form most easily from molecular hydrogen, but for the first few million years, most hydrogen would have been ionised into protons and electrons.

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On one side of the membrane, hydrogen is decomposed into its constituent electrons and protons.

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The reaction Mr Lerner proposes would break up boron atoms by hitting them with protons (the nuclei of normal hydrogen atoms).

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The hydrogen (one proton) and the boron (five protons and six neutrons) do not really fuse.

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The researchers suspect that protons as well as electrons are undergoing quantum tunnelling, that is, hydrogen itself is quantum tunnelling.

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Protons left behind by the oxygen migrated to a second electrode made of platinum and formed into hydrogen.

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