Illegal poaching of the Bali starling reduced its native population to an estimated six birds in 2001.
And even when a ban is in place, the perception of scarcity it promotes can increase values and illegal poaching.
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Vitalis Chadenga, the man from the Wildlife Authority in Zimbabwe that signed a letter calling their hunt legit was himself arrested for illegal poaching in 2004.
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What started out innocuously as illegal poaching by Chinese fisherman in waters off the shoal in April 2012 soon developed into a stand-off at sea that lasted several weeks.
We need to get the infrastructure in place before more illegal logging and poaching takes place, and more species become extinct.
Following decades of illegal deforestation and poaching, the number of gorillas at Bwindi has steadied at around 340, and for the first time in years, it is very slowly on the rise.
Frederico Drumond Martins of ICMBio is the manager of the national forest and agrees that Vale is trying to be greener - for example, he says, he only has 12 rangers but Vale pays for a further 80, plus cars, boats and the use of a helicopter, all vital to guard against illegal logging and poaching.
All this in addition poaching, illegal burning of forest, illegal trafficking in wildlife, and so on.
Wildlife campaigners say that although poaching is illegal in India, hunting remains popular.
Even as the world ivory market was supporting the South African experiment, it also provided the impetus for the poaching and illegal exportation of vast quantities of ivory from other countries.
In 1997, back in the southern Toledo District, a local grassroots campaign against illegal logging, fishing and poaching also eventually became a part of the ecotourism industry.
"Apart from illegal entry, we are investigating them for possible poaching as well, " he added.
In an effort to combat poaching, South Africa has cracked down on the illegal trade and teamed up with countries that serve as destinations for the rhino horns.
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Almost immediately the price of ivory drastically dropped and within a few years the illegal trade ring had lost its energy and the massive wave of poaching had stopped.
The Kenyan government banned trade in ivory in 1989, and levels of elephant poaching subsequently declined, but there has been a rise in the illegal practice in recent years.
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Better monitoring should reduce poaching and smuggling to acceptable levels, allowing legal trade to proceed without stimulating the illegal sort.
But the illegal killing of elephants is still there, and 2002 is no time to increase the rewards for poaching.
Vigne says that strong demand for horns from China and the Far East has created a lucrative poaching market that's attracted organized criminals who are increasingly using more sophisticated methods in their illegal activities.
It involves, notably, enforcing the law (in particular laws concerning nature conservation and the mining code), making sites secure, reinforcing the operational capacity of the Congolese Wildlife Authority, reducing commercial poaching, stopping the illicit exploitation of natural resources and strengthening the efforts of peaceful evacuation of illegal occupants of protected areas.
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