Moreover, especially when taken together, they will serve to strengthen precisely the wrong sorts in the Soviet Union the central authorities in Moscow.
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The Center for Security Policy believes that, in light of the latest, powerful evidence of Mikhail Gorbachev's desire to preserve the power of the traditional central authorities in the USSR and his willingness to yield on this score only in the face of sustained pressure, it would be a grievous mistake for the West to come to his rescue.
Consider just a few of Cap's thoughtful, if provocative, statements on what may well be the most momentous decision now facing American and Western policy-makers: Which side will we be on as democratic forces struggle to transform -- and possibly to terminate -- the Soviet Union in the face of mounting resistance to such changes by the central authorities in Moscow led by Mr. Gorbachev?
Moreover, Soviet police mechanisms (army, militia and KGB) remain within Union control and beyond the reach of the judiciary -- which would, in any event, not be independent of the central authorities in Moscow.
Our response to such appeals should be straightforward and firm: Those profligate Western governments and banks (especially in Germany, Italy and France) which showered credit guarantees and direct loans on the now-discredited central authorities in the Kremlin must shoulder most if not all of the burden and costs of Soviet debt rescheduling and forgiveness.
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It also represents a further, unmistakable alignment of the United States with the central authorities in Moscow over the reform-minded governments coming to power at the republic and local levels.
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The former Secretary of Defense urges that the West today adopt an approach similar to the one taken by President Reagan in 1981 and 1982 as Polish reformers under the leadership of Lech Walesa challenged the central authorities in Warsaw and Moscow.
Just as the Bush Administration has been seen as favoring communist central authorities in Moscow over Baltic independence -- and hence has lagged deplorably behind most Western nations in extending recognition -- the U.S. government has steadfastly declined to cross the communist central authorities in Belgrade by actively supporting democratic governments in Croatia and Slovenia.
It strains credulity that Gorbachev's evident hope of "toughing out" the present crisis is unrelated to the substantial emergency assistance to the central authorities in Moscow now being contemplated by the Bush Administration and its counterparts in allied capitals.
For the first time too, the authorities in this small Central Asian country kept order by firing into a crowd.
Finally, the Center is grievously concerned that Western leaders having already decided to disregard the objective analysis sought from the IMF and World Bank will now attempt to pervert the integrity of these institutions in order to justify, or at minimum facilitate, continued, irresponsible financial flows to the central authorities in Moscow.
Through this step, the White House is strengthening central authorities in Moscow at the expense of democratic forces in the 15 Soviet republics.
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In short, despite the central authorities' assertions, the Treaty does not contemplate a voluntary, consensual union of equal sovereign states.
It seems to me the wiser course to concentrate on aligning the U.S. and Japanese interests with the true democratic forces and reformist republics in the Soviet Union, not the increasingly repressive central authorities.
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Indeed, on Dec. 23, KGB Chairman Vladimir Kryuchkov with whose organization Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev has become ever more closely aligned in recent days actually quoted the U.S. secretary of state approvingly on the question of the central authorities in Moscow setting reform aside in favor of restoring order.
Indeed, on Dec. 23, KGB Chairman Vladimir Kryuchkov -- with whose organization Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev has become ever more closely aligned in recent days -- actually quoted the U.S. secretary of state approvingly on the question of the central authorities in Moscow setting reform aside in favor of restoring order.
To address issues related to environment, climate change and disaster risk management, the UN will support central and local authorities in the sustainable management of the environment and natural resources across all sectors, and better environmental education and awareness - ultimately contributing to sustainable economic growth and increased quality of life.
Bank supervision is to be left in the hands of existing national authorities in some cases central banks, in others a supervisory body or the finance ministry.
With a stubbornness worthy of a better application, the latter try to defend that which exists only in their imagination the Soviet central authorities.
With a stubbornness worthy of a better application, the latter try to defend that which exists only in their imagination -- the Soviet central authorities.
On the one hand, the Administration's reflexive reaction is to try to accommodate virtually any demand from the central authorities in Moscow.
Time after time, peredyshka (or "breathing space") afforded the central authorities in the USSR by the generous interventions of well-meaning Western governments and financial institutions has enabled the Soviet system to survive the pressure of the moment and defer adoption of needed democratic and free market reforms.
Leading Soviet reformers and economists (such as Vladimir Tikhanov) are convinced, moreover, that Western financial assistance to the central authorities in Moscow would likely be squandered and never reach republics like the Baltic states and entrepreneurial segments of the economy which could otherwise become engines of reform.
Doing so would involve policies toward the Soviet Union starkly different from those now being pursued by virtually every industrialized democracy namely the practice of offering essentially unconditional economic, financial, food, medical and technology assistance as well as diplomatic and political support to the central authorities in Moscow.
Although the signing of a formal peace treaty between Japan and the USSR -- an event which has eluded the two countries since World War II -- is not likely to occur at this summit, the depiction of "major progress" between the two nation's leaders could be used to justify large-scale Japanese financial assistance to the central authorities in Moscow.
The growing interest in Mr. Bo's fate parallels the efforts by central authorities to solidify control over Chongqing.
He said that ministers were introducing "a shift in financial risk from central government to local authorities and at the same time a cut in resources of at least 10%" and alleged that council tax benefit cuts would be greater in deprived areas.
The Soviet central authorities may believe that this additional firepower could come in handy in the event massive repression of separatist republics, striking workers and democratic forces is undertaken.
It actually would amount to giving the reconfigured Soviet central authorities the wherewithal to reward some of their principal creditors in the West for helping to underwrite the oppressive old order.
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