They were instead Indian Muslims settled in the state before 1971, who were ready to fight back.

ECONOMIST: Assam��s largest tribe goes to war with its Muslims

An update to the traditional hawker stalls run by Indian Muslims, mamak restaurants have taken KL by storm.

BBC: Mini guide to Kuala Lumpur

Indian Muslims had a history of violent opposition to the British that was at odds with Gandhi's non-violence.

ECONOMIST: Was Partition always going to be violent?

For Pakistan, founded as a homeland for all Indian Muslims, the Sunni-Shia divide is an awkward subject that many would rather ignore.

WSJ: Sadanand Dhume: The Plight of Pakistan's Shia

The country had been set up as a homeland for Indian Muslims, but it had been a more or less secular state, as envisaged by its founder, the clean-shaven, tweed-jacketed, and Anglicized Muhammad Ali Jinnah.

NEWYORKER: Days of Rage

The Cape's 400, 000 Muslims, who are mainly Coloured or Indian, have long felt ostracised from the country's fervently Christian mainstream.

ECONOMIST: South Africa